The Close

The Long Desk

The Close · The Open · The Long Desk · Archive · Research · Top Stocks
Thu, 1 Oct 2026
1424 companies · 1445 sector slots · 20 sectors · 25 below Rs1000cr and not scanned · long-term lens

Trend Spotlight

IRDAI's insurance-commission-cap consultation enters its comment period as PB Fintech and Turtlemint take 20% lower-circuit hits, with Jefferies estimating a 10-12% earnings hit if the caps land as proposed.

IRDAI's 'Recalibrating Economics of Insurance Distribution' paper, released Sept 23, proposes reinstating prescriptive commission caps removed in 2023 -- first-year rates stepping down from 20-25% to 12.5% within five years, with every form of distributor remuneration counted toward the cap. The comment window runs to Oct 25 and no final rule exists yet, but the market reaction has already been severe: PB Fintech hit a 20% lower circuit (losing roughly ₹31,500cr of market cap) and Turtlemint did too. This continues an already-open claim rather than introducing a new catalyst, but the scale of the repricing makes it the session's most consequential financial-services story.

Market Overview

IndexClosePoints ChangeP/EP/B
Nifty 50 22,421.95 ▼ -198.50 ▼ -0.88% 19.19 2.75
Nifty Next 50 68,981.35 ▼ -765.60 ▼ -1.10% 18.08 3.31
Nifty 500 21,857.75 ▼ -214.35 ▼ -0.97% 21.56 3.06
Nifty Bank 54,450.75 ▼ -182.30 ▼ -0.33% 12.91 1.64
NIFTY Midcap 100 58,732.00 ▼ -600.05 ▼ -1.01% 27.70 3.73
▲ 566 advancing ■ 23 unchanged ▼ 2065 declining of 2654 equities, vs the 2026-09-30 close
Cash market, ₹ crore
FII / FPI net
▼ -9,484.22
bought 12,260 · sold 21,744
DII net
▲ +10,041.84
bought 25,420 · sold 15,378
FII / FPI DII
FII / DII daily net cash flow · ₹ crore · scroll to zoom, drag to pan

Source: NSE ind_close_all_20261001 (levels, index P/E and P/B) and the full-market bhavcopy (breadth).

Index P/E from NSE's official daily index file.

Sector performance

This session's index move, next to the desk's standing stance. The stance is a valuation-and-quality reading over years — it does not move because an index had a good day. Sectors with no listed NSE index show — for the session columns; the stance still applies.

SectorIndexSession Idx P/EStance
Information Technology Nifty IT · 17 researched 28,304.70 ▲ +2.17% 17.8 ACCUMULATE
Healthcare & Hospitals Nifty Healthcare Index · 9 researched 16,095.55 ▼ -0.26% 41.9 WATCH
Banks Nifty Bank · 9 researched 54,450.75 ▼ -0.33% 12.9 WATCH
Financial Services Nifty Financial Services · 12 researched 24,556.10 ▼ -0.38% 15.1 WATCH
Pharmaceuticals Nifty Pharma · 22 researched 26,311.55 ▼ -0.48% 40.7 WATCH
Energy & Power Nifty Energy · 18 researched 36,388.15 ▼ -0.68% 14.4 WATCH
Realty Nifty Realty · 4 researched 835.00 ▼ -1.46% 35.4 WATCH
Hospitality & Tourism Nifty India Tourism · 9 researched 7,580.80 ▼ -1.60% 86.3 ACCUMULATE
FMCG Nifty FMCG · 7 researched 43,789.85 ▼ -1.61% 30.4 WATCH
Metals & Mining Nifty Metal · 19 researched 12,460.70 ▼ -2.35% 16.3 WATCH
Automobiles Nifty Auto · 36 researched 25,384.95 ▼ -3.46% 29.5 WATCH
Capital Goods no listed index · 17 researched — — — WATCH
Chemicals no listed index · 9 researched — — — WATCH
Commercial Services no listed index · 7 researched — — — WATCH
Construction & Materials no listed index · 10 researched — — — WATCH
Logistics & Transport no listed index · 6 researched — — — WATCH
Packaging & Plastics no listed index · 2 researched — — — WATCH
Retail & Consumer no listed index · 4 researched — — — WATCH
Telecom & Media no listed index · 5 researched — — — WATCH
Textiles & Apparel no listed index · 5 researched — — — WATCH

Movers in the universe

Largest moves among the 1419 tracked names this session, against the 2026-09-30 close.

CompanyCallPrev CloseMove
Molbio Diagnostics Ltd MOLBIO HOLD ₹1,308.90 ₹1,513.10 ▲ +15.60%
Gujarat Kidney & Super Speciality Ltd GKSL HOLD ₹179.05 ₹194.27 ▲ +8.50%
Omnitech Engineering Ltd OMNI HOLD ₹564.05 ₹608.65 ▲ +7.91%
Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Ltd MTNL AVOID ₹22.97 ₹24.66 ▲ +7.36%
Atlanta Electricals Ltd ATLANTAELE QUALITY-WAIT ₹1,608.10 ₹1,716.50 ▲ +6.74%
Delta Corp Ltd DELTACORP HOLD ₹80.51 ₹73.48 ▼ -8.73%
Turtlemint Fintech Solutions Ltd TURTLEMINT AVOID ₹76.44 ₹69.79 ▼ -8.70%
PB Fintech Ltd POLICYBZR QUALITY-WAIT ₹1,063.90 ₹980.00 ▼ -7.89%
Munjal Auto Industries Ltd MUNJALAU AVOID ₹112.86 ₹104.07 ▼ -7.79%
Bajaj Auto Ltd BAJAJ-AUTO HOLD ₹10,874.00 ₹10,045.00 ▼ -7.62%

Calls this session

A change to anything but AVOID publishes only after two consecutive sessions say the same thing; AVOID publishes at once.

Sector stance changed (2)

Published this session (13)

new
unconfirmed: sector
Unconfirmed: sector not checked — Weighted average rating 4.48/5 including quality and value — the rare combination.
new
unconfirmed: sector
Unconfirmed: sector not checked — Weighted average rating 4.35/5 including quality and value — the rare combination.
new
unconfirmed: sector
Unconfirmed: sector not checked — Weighted average rating 4.31/5 including quality and value — the rare combination.
new
unconfirmed: sector
Unconfirmed: sector not checked — Weighted average rating 3.96/5 including quality and value — the rare combination.
new
unconfirmed: business, price, sector
Unconfirmed: business, price, sector not checked — Weighted average rating 4.4/5 including quality and value — the rare combination.
new
unconfirmed: sector
Unconfirmed: sector not checked — Weighted average rating 4.14/5 including quality and value — the rare combination.
new
unconfirmed: sector
Unconfirmed: sector not checked — Weighted average rating 3.88/5 including quality and value — the rare combination.
new
unconfirmed: sector
Unconfirmed: sector not checked — Weighted average rating 4.03/5 including quality and value — the rare combination.
new
unconfirmed: sector
Unconfirmed: sector not checked — Weighted average rating 4.18/5 including quality and value — the rare combination.
new
unconfirmed: sector
Unconfirmed: sector not checked — Weighted average rating 3.78/5 including quality and value — the rare combination.
new
unconfirmed: sector
Unconfirmed: sector not checked — Weighted average rating 4.09/5 including quality and value — the rare combination.
new
Good business, bad price today (Value 1/5) — PEG n/a; P/E cheaper than 22% of sector peers (P/E 42.4); EV/EBITDA 27.7, B/M 0.337. Watch for a better entry.

and 1 more — full list on the site.

Awaiting a second session (78)

TickerClosePublished PendingNote
AAVAS ₹1,190.90 AVOID → HOLD if next session holds
ABCAPITAL ₹375.05 AVOID → HOLD if next session holds
AEGISLOG ₹1,401.10 HOLD → QUALITY-WAIT if next session holds
ARMANFIN ₹1,764.40 AVOID → HOLD if next session holds
ASAHIINDIA ₹944.25 HOLD → QUALITY-WAIT if next session holds
AXISCADES ₹2,307.30 AVOID → HOLD if next session holds
BHEL ₹421.00 HOLD → QUALITY-WAIT if next session holds
BOSCHLTD ₹45,480.00 QUALITY-WAIT → HOLD if next session holds
CDSL ₹1,242.50 QUALITY-WAIT → HOLD if next session holds
CENTRALBK ₹30.00 AVOID → HOLD if next session holds
CERA ₹5,096.50 HOLD → BUY if next session holds
CHALET ₹830.25 QUALITY-WAIT → BUY if next session holds
CHOLAFIN ₹1,580.00 AVOID → HOLD if next session holds
EBGNG ₹704.70 HOLD → QUALITY-WAIT if next session holds
EIEL ₹184.00 AVOID → HOLD if next session holds
EIHOTEL ₹297.85 HOLD → BUY if next session holds
EMSLIMITED ₹331.55 AVOID → HOLD if next session holds
FCL ₹55.72 AVOID → HOLD if next session holds
FSL ₹250.40 BUY → HOLD if next session holds
GNRL ₹97.18 QUALITY-WAIT → HOLD if next session holds
GODIGIT ₹256.30 AVOID → HOLD if next session holds
GRAPHITE ₹786.15 AVOID → HOLD if next session holds
GRAVITA ₹1,412.60 AVOID → HOLD if next session holds
GRINDWELL ₹1,975.80 HOLD → QUALITY-WAIT if next session holds
HDFCAMC ₹2,308.10 AVOID → HOLD if next session holds
HUDCO ₹161.54 AVOID → HOLD if next session holds
IIFLCAPS ₹345.60 AVOID → HOLD if next session holds
INDOTECH ₹3,347.60 HOLD → QUALITY-WAIT if next session holds
IOC ₹131.34 HOLD → BUY if next session holds
IRCTC ₹454.10 HOLD → BUY if next session holds
JAICORPLTD ₹89.54 AVOID → HOLD if next session holds
JSWSTEEL ₹1,233.00 HOLD → QUALITY-WAIT if next session holds
KALYANKJIL ₹528.50 QUALITY-WAIT → HOLD if next session holds
KDDL ₹3,911.20 HOLD → QUALITY-WAIT if next session holds
KEI ₹4,502.00 AVOID → HOLD if next session holds
KIRLOSENG ₹2,242.70 HOLD → QUALITY-WAIT if next session holds
KSHINTL ₹1,028.20 AVOID → HOLD if next session holds
LEMONTREE ₹107.67 HOLD → BUY if next session holds
METROBRAND ₹833.50 QUALITY-WAIT → HOLD if next session holds
METROPOLIS ₹537.90 QUALITY-WAIT → HOLD if next session holds
MPHASIS ₹2,250.20 AVOID → HOLD if next session holds
NAUKRI ₹1,200.00 AVOID → HOLD if next session holds
NAVINFLUOR ₹8,136.50 HOLD → QUALITY-WAIT if next session holds
NEPHROPLUS ₹648.95 QUALITY-WAIT → HOLD if next session holds
NPST ₹1,766.50 AVOID → HOLD if next session holds
ORIENTELEC ₹154.46 HOLD → QUALITY-WAIT if next session holds
PAYTM ₹1,656.00 AVOID → HOLD if next session holds
PIIND ₹2,236.00 AVOID → HOLD if next session holds
PINELABS ₹167.59 AVOID → HOLD if next session holds
PNBHOUSING ₹1,092.00 AVOID → HOLD if next session holds
POLICYBZR ₹980.00 QUALITY-WAIT → HOLD if next session holds
POLYMED ₹1,638.10 AVOID → HOLD if next session holds
PREMEXPLN ₹682.05 HOLD → QUALITY-WAIT if next session holds
PRIVISCL ₹3,573.00 BUY → HOLD if next session holds
PTCIL ₹22,025.00 AVOID → HOLD if next session holds
REDTAPE ₹115.29 HOLD → QUALITY-WAIT if next session holds
RISHABH ₹698.80 QUALITY-WAIT → HOLD if next session holds
SBFC ₹84.19 AVOID → HOLD if next session holds
SHRIPISTON ₹4,490.50 QUALITY-WAIT → BUY if next session holds
SKYGOLD ₹810.65 HOLD → QUALITY-WAIT if next session holds
STYLAMIND ₹3,219.90 QUALITY-WAIT → BUY if next session holds
SUNDARMFIN ₹4,395.90 AVOID → HOLD if next session holds
SUNFLAG ₹433.50 QUALITY-WAIT → HOLD if next session holds
SUNPHARMA ₹1,801.00 QUALITY-WAIT → BUY if next session holds
TATASTEEL ₹178.00 QUALITY-WAIT → HOLD if next session holds
TCPLPACK ₹3,927.10 QUALITY-WAIT → HOLD if next session holds
TCS ₹2,075.00 BUY → HOLD if next session holds
TI ₹542.55 AVOID → HOLD if next session holds
TIPSMUSIC ₹644.20 HOLD → QUALITY-WAIT if next session holds
VHL ₹3,435.30 AVOID → HOLD if next session holds
VIYASH ₹231.75 QUALITY-WAIT → HOLD if next session holds
VMM ₹99.50 HOLD → QUALITY-WAIT if next session holds
VSSL ₹383.30 QUALITY-WAIT → HOLD if next session holds
WAAREERTL ₹808.80 HOLD → BUY if next session holds
WABAG ₹2,004.90 QUALITY-WAIT → BUY if next session holds
YESBANK ₹20.75 AVOID → HOLD if next session holds
ZENSARTECH ₹434.35 BUY → HOLD if next session holds
ZENTEC ₹1,576.10 BUY → QUALITY-WAIT if next session holds

Top Stories

DOMS confirms its Q1 margin collapse but pushes the guided recovery out to FY28. Retail & Consumer

DOMS Industries' Q1 FY27 results confirm the already-known numbers -- EBITDA margin down to 12.3% from 17.6% on West Asia-linked input inflation -- and management still targets 16-17% margins, but now frames that recovery as an FY28 event rather than something visible in Q2/Q3 FY27, with a further 4-5% price hike still on the table if raw-material costs stay elevated. This neither confirms nor falsifies the desk's open claim that the margin trough is temporary, but it is a softer framing than the claim's near-term resolution window implied.

DOMS

Zensar's Q1 data confirms the client-exit warning management flagged, though it's not yet the quarter that resolves the pending downgrade. Information Technology

TMT revenue fell 9.1% QoQ and Healthcare & Life Sciences fell 3.8% QoQ in Zensar's most recently reported quarter, both attributed to client-side consolidation -- consistent with, not contradictory to, management's own warning of continued exits in those verticals. This is Q1 data, not the Q3 FY27 window the desk's open claim specifies as its test, so the pending BUY->HOLD call remains unresolved rather than confirmed either way.

ZENSARTECH

Engineers India's order-book figures disagree sharply across sources, but every reading still shows inflows lagging the FY27 guided pace. Construction & Materials

Sources put EIL's order book anywhere from ₹13,131cr to ~₹17,000cr, against the brief's own ₹14,424cr Q2 FY27 figure -- likely a standalone/consolidated or order-book/backlog mismatch that can't be reconciled from search alone. On inflows, one source shows ₹3,565cr YTD against the ₹8,000cr FY27 target, directionally consistent with the open claim that EIL is running behind pace, with three quarters still to go and the disputed Dangote Kenya/Nigeria contract not yet booked.

ENGINERSIN

ONGC raises its production guidance and strikes gas in the Mahanadi basin. Energy & Power

Management now targets 39 MMT of standalone oil/gas production this fiscal, rising to 40 MMT next year, backed by the KG-DWN-98/2 gas ramp and ₹33,000cr of offshore investment targeting 8% gas-output growth; a fresh gas discovery at Mahanadi's MN-DW18-1-H-D well on Sept 18 adds a further, if early-stage, positive. Separately, four Executive Directors retired by scheduled superannuation on Oct 1 with a successor already in place since Sept 21 -- an orderly transition, not a governance flag.

ONGC

Zen Technologies wins a fresh ₹177.5cr MoD order and reaffirms its FY27 order-book ramp, cutting against the pending downgrade. Capital Goods

Zen Technologies still targets an FY27 order book of ~₹2,500cr, up from ₹1,239cr as of June 30, and backed that up with a new ₹177.5cr Ministry of Defence order for tank/crew gunnery simulators plus a flagged anti-drone pipeline of at least ₹2,000cr. Promoters hold no pledged shares as of FY26-end. This reads as positive evidence against the stock's pending BUY->QUALITY-WAIT downgrade.

ZENTEC

Sector Scorecard

Entry score is 40% cheap-vs-history + 25% quality trend + 20% news catalyst + 15% technicals, for the 3 sectors with a researched catalyst. The other 17 show —: no catalyst was researched for them, so their score renormalises over the remaining three inputs rather than assuming a neutral headline. ≥62 accumulate · 45–61 watch · <45 avoid.

SectorStanceEntryCheap QualityTechNews IndexIdx P/EB/W/H/A
Information Technology 75 scanned · 17 researched ACCUMULATE 63.5 67.4 78.5 28.2 — ▲ +2.17% 17.8 3/9/54/9
Banks 40 scanned · 9 researched WATCH 49.2 45.1 52.3 54.7 — ▼ -0.33% 12.9 1/0/28/11
Pharmaceuticals 88 scanned · 22 researched WATCH 46.4 22.1 71.5 69.2 — ▼ -0.48% 40.7 4/19/53/12
Automobiles 108 scanned · 36 researched WATCH 54.1 36.0 78.2 61.8 — ▼ -3.46% 29.5 13/21/63/11
FMCG 104 scanned · 7 researched WATCH 60.0 60.5 68.4 44.6 — ▼ -1.61% 30.4 4/18/63/19
Metals & Mining 83 scanned · 19 researched WATCH 56.0 46.9 67.5 61.0 — ▼ -2.35% 16.3 7/11/46/19
Realty 38 scanned · 4 researched WATCH 54.1 63.2 52.0 33.2 — ▼ -1.46% 35.4 1/2/15/20
Energy & Power 84 scanned · 18 researched WATCH 55.6 50.0 63.5 57.1 — ▼ -0.68% 14.4 4/7/40/33
Financial Services 149 scanned · 5 ranked elsewhere · 12 researched WATCH 56.8 71.4 44.5 47.2 +0 ▼ -0.38% 15.1 0/5/80/64
Healthcare & Hospitals 59 scanned · 16 ranked elsewhere · 9 researched WATCH 52.4 34.0 73.0 67.4 — ▼ -0.26% 41.9 1/16/35/7
Hospitality & Tourism 38 scanned · 9 researched ACCUMULATE 64.2 67.8 67.4 49.3 — ▼ -1.60% 86.3 0/6/22/10
Chemicals 102 scanned · 9 researched WATCH 61.9 62.0 67.8 51.7 — — — 1/10/63/28
Construction & Materials 127 scanned · 10 researched WATCH 61.6 76.0 61.8 38.4 +0 — — 3/11/72/41
Capital Goods 103 scanned · 17 researched WATCH 56.0 40.8 78.5 59.2 — — — 10/13/61/19
Textiles & Apparel 48 scanned · 5 researched WATCH 55.8 50.0 61.9 61.0 — — — 2/5/28/13
Retail & Consumer 67 scanned · 4 researched WATCH 59.9 62.0 68.4 53.2 +0 — — 2/10/36/19
Packaging & Plastics 34 scanned · 2 researched WATCH 55.6 43.6 64.7 72.6 — — — 2/4/18/10
Logistics & Transport 26 scanned · 6 researched WATCH 47.3 33.0 69.3 48.9 — — — 5/3/11/7
Telecom & Media 33 scanned · 5 researched WATCH 52.4 50.0 59.8 46.6 — — — 3/1/15/14
Commercial Services 39 scanned · 7 researched WATCH 53.4 50.0 52.4 64.2 — — — 2/2/19/16

Source: data/verdicts.json × NSE sector index closes.

Stocks to Watch

Split evenly across large/mid/small/micro cap so this list isn't one tier's picks — new calls first, then the highest long-term composites within each. Micro-cap names are boxed and flagged Highly Volatile — worth watching, not a call to buy — since their price swings run about twice every other tier's. Each card shows the figures that selected it — open the desk for the full six-lens panel.

new call this session
P/E in the 10th percentile of its own 3-year range
Composite 85.0 Mkt Cap 99,038 cr · Large P/E 33.6 ROCE 42.9% Piotroski 4/9
new call this session
unconfirmed: sector
P/E in the 36th percentile of its own 3-year range · ROCE 29.9% (up 20.9pt over 5y) · Piotroski 7/9
Composite 76.1 Mkt Cap 92,902 cr · Large P/E 15.62 ROCE 29.9% Piotroski 7/9
new call this session
P/E in the 14th percentile of its own 3-year range · ROCE 15.5% (up 13.5pt over 5y)
Composite 79.3 Mkt Cap 35,580 cr · Mid P/E 41.31 ROCE 15.5% Piotroski 5/9
new call this session
unconfirmed: sector
P/E in the 31th percentile of its own 3-year range · ROCE 16.9% (up 1.9pt over 5y) · Piotroski 9/9
Composite 73.1 Mkt Cap 17,425 cr · Mid P/E 15.49 ROCE 16.9% Piotroski 9/9
new call this session
unconfirmed: sector
P/E in the 0th percentile of its own 3-year range
Composite 85.4 Mkt Cap 8,722 cr · Small P/E 32.76 ROCE 89.9% Piotroski 6/8
new call this session
P/E in the 0th percentile of its own 3-year range · Piotroski 9/9 · -41.2% off its 52-week high
Composite 82.9 Mkt Cap 5,974 cr · Small P/E 25.2 ROCE 64.1% Piotroski 9/9
new call this session
Highly Volatile
P/E in the 12th percentile of its own 3-year range · ROCE 29.3% (up 17.3pt over 5y) · -32.2% off its 52-week high
Composite 79.6 Mkt Cap 4,723 cr · Micro P/E 18.0 ROCE 29.3% Piotroski 5/9
new call this session
Highly Volatile
P/E in the 0th percentile of its own 3-year range · ROCE 8.37% (up 3.4pt over 5y) · -37.6% off its 52-week high
Composite 71.4 Mkt Cap 2,339 cr · Micro P/E 20.9 ROCE 8.37% Piotroski 3/8

Lens Weights Recalibrated

Every Sunday, each lens's weight is re-tilted from its prior on all evidence to date of whether its ratings predicted subsequent returns, measured separately within each cap tier (data/lens_ic.json). Thin evidence moves a weight a little, a consistent edge more -- see METHODOLOGY.md. Every past change stays on the record in data/lens_weight_changes.json.

TierLensWeightt-stat Hit rateWeeks measured
Large Quality 1.5 → 1.4091 -0.243656%7.2
Large Financial Health 1.5 → 1.979 1.511969%7.2
Large Value 1.2 → 1.1404 -0.199250%7.2
Large Earnings Quality 1.0 → 1.2998 1.38572%7.2
Large Growth Outlook 0.8 → 0.861 0.307553%3.4
Large Momentum 0.5 → 0.6138 0.982372%7.2
Mid Quality 1.5 → 1.3032 -0.537458%7.2
Mid Financial Health 1.5 → 1.8378 0.970361%7.2
Mid Value 1.2 → 1.113 -0.29264%7.2
Mid Earnings Quality 1.0 → 0.9049 -0.385156%7.2
Mid Growth Outlook 0.8 → 0.7399 -0.302750%0.4
Mid Momentum 0.5 → 0.6691 1.645572%7.2
Small Quality 1.5 → 1.8524 1.019763%5.4
Small Financial Health 1.5 → 1.7831 0.794256%5.4
Small Value 1.2 → 1.1041 -0.322456%5.4
Small Earnings Quality 1.0 → 0.8708 -0.528652%5.4
Small Growth Outlook 0.8 → 1.0057 1.13789%1.8
Small Momentum 0.5 → 0.6938 2.066974%5.4
Micro Quality 1.5 → 1.9052 1.209274%5.4
Micro Financial Health 1.5 → 1.7684 0.748959%5.4
Micro Value 1.2 → 1.0792 -0.408456%5.4
Micro Earnings Quality 1.0 → 1.0287 0.11556%5.4
Micro Growth Outlook 0.8 → 0.7073 -0.472369%2.6
Micro Momentum 0.5 → 0.7238 2.89493%5.4

How We Evaluate

MetricWhy it is in the frameworkSource
Return on capital, level and trendDurable high ROCE predicts future returns; the trend separates a moat from a good year Novy-Marx 2013 JFE
Gross profitability (GP/assets)As predictive as book-to-market, and less prone to the value trap Novy-Marx 2013 JFE
Piotroski F-scoreA nine-signal accounting checklist that separates real improvers from statistically cheap traps Piotroski 2000 JAR
Cash-flow-to-net-profitAccrual-heavy profit reverts; cash-backed profit persists Sloan 1996 TAR
P/E versus the stock's own historyCheap relative to itself, not to a peer set that may be expensive as a whole Basu 1977 JF
Book-to-marketThe value premium, in its original form Fama–French 1992 JF
EV/EBITDACapital-structure-neutral, so it compares a leveraged firm to an unleveraged one Practitioner standard
Altman Z and interest coverageDistressed firms have delivered lower, not higher, returns — screen them out rather than chase them Altman 1968 JF; Campbell/Hilscher/Szilagyi 2008 JF
52-week-high proximity, 200-DMANearness to the high has predicted continuation — but momentum crashes, so never alone George & Hwang 2004 JF; Daniel & Moskowitz 2016 JFE
Promoter pledgePledged promoter holding is a governance red flag ahead of a forced sale Not currently available from either source — no penalty is applied

Full derivation in METHODOLOGY.md.